At a Glance: Universal Jurisdiction in EU Member States. n.d., https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/at-a-glance-universal-jurisdiction-in-eu-member-states.pdf.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif. “Universal Jurisdiction for International Crimes: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Practice.” In Post-Conflict Justice, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni. Brill | Nijhoff, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004479579_047.
Brody, Reed. “The `Pinochet Precedent’ at 25: Supporting Justice for Victims with `Universal Jurisdiction’.” Just Security, October 16, 2023. https://www.justsecurity.org/89474/the-pinochet-precedent-at-25-supporting-justice-for-victims-with-universal-jurisdiction/.
Crawford, Julia. “Lundin Faces Prosecution for Sudan Oil War Abuses.” JusticeInfo.Net, October 26, 2018. https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/39348-lundin-faces-prosecution-for-sudan-oil-war-abuses.html.
Cruvellier, Julia Crawford and Thierry. “Philip Grant: ‘Ukraine Is Accelerating a Revival of Universal Jurisdiction.’” JusticeInfo.Net, November 29, 2022. https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/109532-philip-grant-ukraine-revival-universal-jurisdiction.html.
Gutner, Jeremy. “How to Get Away With Crimes Against Humanity: The US Statutory Gap.” Just Security, September 8, 2023. https://www.justsecurity.org/88084/how-to-get-away-with-crimes-against-humanity-the-us-statutory-gap/.
“Hissène Habré.” TRIAL International - Universal Jurisdiction Database, n.d. Accessed February 1, 2026. https://ujim.trialinternational.org/latest-post/hissene-habre/.
“Justice Beyond Borders.” Clooney Foundation for Justice, n.d. Accessed March 8, 2026. https://cfj.org/the-docket/justice-beyond-borders/.
Kaleck, Wolfgang, and Patrick Kroker. “Syrian Torture Investigations in Germany and Beyond: Breathing New Life into Universal Jurisdiction in Europe?” Journal of International Criminal Justice 16, no. 1 (2018): 165–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqy014.
Langer, Máximo. “The Diplomacy of Universal Jurisdiction: The Political Branches and the Transnational Prosecution of International Crimes.” American Journal of International Law 105, no. 1 (2011): 1–49. https://doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.105.1.0001.
Langer, Máximo, and Mackenzie Eason. “The Quiet Expansion of Universal Jurisdiction.” European Journal of International Law 30, no. 3 (2019): 779–817. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chz050.
“New Investigations on Core International Crimes Increase by 44% since 2016 | Eurojust | European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation.” Accessed January 18, 2026. https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/news/new-investigations-core-international-crimes-increase.
Ochab, Dr Ewelina. Universal Jurisdiction: Good Practice Guide for Law and Policymakers. n.d. https://www.ibanet.org/document?id=Universal-Jurisdiction-HRI-report-2025.
"Questions and Answers on Gambia’s Genocide Case Against Myanmar before the International Court of Justice." Human Rights Watch, December 5, 2019. https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/12/05/questions-and-answers-gambias-genocide-case-against-myanmar-international-court#:~:text=Gambia%2C%20which%20ratified%20the%20convention,own%20people:%20the%20Rohingya.%E2%80%9D
Rajesh, Aaron. “Diplomatic Impunity: A Renewed Case for Universal Jurisdiction.” International Criminal Law Review 1, no. aop (2026): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10253.
Richardson, Rayhan Asat, Sophie. “In Argentina, a Bold Step for Global Justice: Holding the Chinese Government Accountable for Atrocities Against Uyghurs.” Just Security, July 31, 2025. https://www.justsecurity.org/118048/argentina-china-accountable-atrocities-uyghurs/.
Rikkelman, Fritz Streiff, Hope. “Syrian Regime Crimes on Trial in The Netherlands.” Just Security, November 22, 2023. https://www.justsecurity.org/90225/syrian-regime-crimes-on-trial-in-the-netherlands/.
Rondeaux, Candace. “The Wagner Group in Court: Justice Is Catching Up with Russia’s Top Irregular Warfighters.” Just Security, December 17, 2024. https://www.justsecurity.org/105758/russia-wagner-group-in-court/.
RSCSL. “Home | Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone.” Accessed January 30, 2026. https://rscsl.org.
Schaack, Beth Van. “Universal Jurisdiction Cases Involving U.S. Defendants.” Just Security, December 17, 2013. https://www.justsecurity.org/4707/universal-jurisdiction-cases-involving-u-s-defendants/.
Sierra Leone: End Impunity through Universal Jurisdiction. No Safe Haven Series No. 9. Amnesty International, n.d. Accessed March 8, 2026. https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/afr510072012en.pdf.
Spanish Congress Enacts Bill Restricting Spain’s Universal Jurisdiction Law – CJA. n.d. Accessed January 18, 2026. https://cja.org/spanish-congress-enacts-bill-restricting-spains-universal-jurisdiction-law/.
“Spanish Supreme Court Affirms Conviction of Argentine Former Naval Officer for Crimes Against Humanity | ASIL.” Accessed January 18, 2026. https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/12/issue/1/spanish-supreme-court-affirms-conviction-argentine-former-naval-officer.
The Guatemala Genocide Case – CJA. n.d. Accessed January 18, 2026. https://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/the-guatemala-genocide-case/.
“The Partial Return of Universal Jurisdiction: Syrian Torturers on Trial in Germany | Global Policy Journal.” May 12, 2020. https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/12/05/2020/partial-return-universal-jurisdiction-syrian-torturers-trial-germany.
The Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction. Report of the Secretary-General Seventy-Fourth session Item 86 of the preliminary list. 2019. https://docs.un.org/en/A/74/144.
Thompson, Justice Bankole. Universal Jurisdiction: The Sierra Leone Profile. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1998051.
“Universal Jurisdiction.” Center for Global Law and Justice | Resource Hub, n.d. Accessed January 16, 2026. https://cglj.org/human-rights-oversight/national-systems/domestic-exercise-of-universal-jurisdiction/.
“Universal Jurisdiction.” TRIAL International, n.d. Accessed January 18, 2026. https://trialinternational.org/topics-post/universal-jurisdiction/.
“Universal-Jurisdiction-a-Preliminary-Survey-of-Legislation-around-the-World-2012-Update.” n.d. https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_HRD-9211-0554.
“University of Minnesota Human Rights Library.” Accessed February 1, 2026. https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/china-tibet_genocide_case.html.
“Unraveling Universal Civil Jurisdiction: A Novel Ground for Global Justice?” Opinio Juris, June 17, 2024. https://opiniojuris.org/2024/06/17/unraveling-universal-civil-jurisdiction-a-novel-ground-for-global-justice/.