National judiciaries are increasingly influenced by international institutions and courts. The work of these institutions is varied, from promoting peace and cooperation to providing a forum to discuss trade and security.
International Institutions
There are many…
There are many international and multi-lateral institutions. The scope of their mandate and jurisdiction varies considerably. This section describes some of the more prominent institutions that work in the fields of international law and development, including the different organs of the United…
There are different types of international legal instruments. Binding instruments, such as treaties or conventions, are signed by diplomatic representatives of participating states. They must be ratified through the domestic process of each state. Nonbinding instruments,…
International tribunals provide a venue for adjudicating certain types of international disputes, facilitating the settlement of problems requiring specialized expertise,
"The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be…
Islamic Law, commonly referred to as Shariah, governs interpersonal conduct and regulates the ritual practices of Muslims. In some countries it is also the governing law, while other countries apply Islamic law to sp
Sources
Islamic law is derived primarily from two…
There is a perception that many Muslim-majority countries have legal systems governed entirely by Islamic law (also commonly referred to as Shariah). This is the case in a small number of countries.
Classical
Countries adhering to the classical model of Islamic law either…
In courthouses around the world, judicial attire communicates professionalism and institutional integrity.
Why Do Judges Wear Robes?In many countries, judges wear robes as a professional uniform, sometimes with accessories such as wigs or collars. This tradition has been…
Court systems around the world experience high caseloads. Many courts have found that proactive case management by individual judges helps ensure the prompt administration of justice.
ChallengesAlthough there are well-accepted tenets of JCM, the manner and extent to which…