"A court’s security is essential for maintaining the integrity and independence of the judicial process."UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the Global Center on Cooperative Security
Threats to Judicial SecurityOver the course of their…
When deciding how to select judges, governments consider a number of factors. Some prioritize high performance on a competitive examination.
There are three main methods by which judges are selected around the world: appointment, competitive exam, and election. Different…
Almost every country limits the tenure of judges, imposing either a mandatory retirement age or a term of years.
Most countries have different tenure provisions for each level of court.
A notable exception is the United States federal judiciary: the constitution accords Article III federal…
The modes of lay participation in criminal trials are as diverse as the legal systems that include them. Few countries can be said to have identical models, and structures can differ within a single country.
Juries
The traditional model, consisting of a panel of…
Nations follow different legal traditions and have adopted theories of jurisprudence and approaches to adjudication that best suit their culture and needs. Many countries also have specialized justice mechanisms to address discrete needs, for example military justice and transitional justice…
All nations have an executive branch entity responsible for the administration of justice.
JurisdictionThe jurisdiction of a justice ministry may be expansive, often encompassing prosecutorial authority and extending to the judiciary, law enforcement, corrections, and…
Countries use a variety of terms to describe components of a judicial system, the litigation process, and what judges do. Vocabulary matters a great deal in the transnational context.